Consumers were warned that shops could start running low on supplies of fresh vegetables and fruit, and analysts said economic costs could spiral. Howard Archer, chief European economist at IHS Global Insight, said "the longer that the problem does persist, the more serious will be the economic repercussions". British and Irish scheduled airlines are losing up to £28m a day, with the total bill to European carriers hitting $200m, according to the International Air Transport Association.

One of the UK's biggest fresh fruit importers said business had ground to a halt. Anthony Pile, chairman of Blue Skies, said the company was losing £100,000 a day.

More than three-quarters of flights were lost yesterday across Europe, with barely 5,000 taking off or landing, the Eurocontrol air traffic agency said. This compares with 22,000 on a typical Saturday. Among the flights that did make it were three British Airways planes from New York which scraped into Glasgow and Prestwick airports in Scotland.

Around Europe, 73 transatlantic flights landed yesterday morning, less than a third of the 300 that would normally arrive. The situation deteriorated from Friday, when 10,400 flights out made it out of the normal 28,000.

Met Office forecasters said it would take a prolonged change of wind direction for the situation to improve. "The UK and much of Europe is under the influence of high pressure, which means winds are relatively light and the dispersal of cloud is slow. We don't expect a great deal of change over the next few days," Mr Leith said.

Several airlines are challenging the ban - KLM, Air France and Lufthansa are running tests - is the ban too restrictive?

With airports closed until Monday, the pressure is building for a work around.